WRITING OF REPORTS
In the following you find some guidelines that may be
useful when writing reports. The guidelines are mainly taken from: Harald
Kristiansen (ed.), "Rapportskriving, Rettningslinjer for utarbeidelse av
skriftelige rapporter", Universitetsforlaget, December 1970.
Suggested structure of a report
The structure of a thesis or project may be as follows:
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Cover page
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Front page (Title, abstract, key words, etc.)
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Preface (use Roman numbers and page it as page I)
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Table of contents
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Nomenclature
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Introduction (paged as page 1)
Preface
The preface should contain information about:
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The purpose of the report
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The pre-history of the project
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Funding (if any)
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Major contents of the report
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Co-workers
The preface should:
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Contain thanks to co-workers
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Contain thanks to other that have assisted and contributed
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Link co-workers and their contribution.
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Be dated
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Be signed
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Be paged as first page with a Roman number
Abstract
The abstract should contain:
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A briefing on the purpose of the work
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Information about the limits of the examinations
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A briefing of the methods that are used
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Information about the quality/certainty of the given information
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The most important results
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Major findings and conclusions
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Recommendations for further work
General comments:
Every report should contain an informative abstract where
the most important results are summed up. The abstract is the most read
part of the report and should therefore be composed carefully. Even if
it is read first, the abstract should be the last that is written to ensure
that it is in complete accordance with the contents in the report.
Moments for consideration:
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The abstract should be written on a stand-alone basis, it
is a miniature of the report. The abstract should not refer to certain
pages, tables or figures
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Write briefly, the reader is exposed to far more articles
and reports than he can manage to read. Telegraphic style should be avoided
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Form the abstract with the readership in mind. Be careful
with using foreign words
Introduction
The introduction should comprise:
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A short historical review
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A brief description of the methods
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The limitations of the report
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Information on accuracy of the given data
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Structure of the report.
General comments:
A good introduction gives a clear formulation of the task,
it gives the background for the work and the authors methods. In this part
of the report the author should explain the significance of the accomplished
work and how the work is cohering with former investigations. He should
introduce the reader to the subject and refer to former investigations
of immediate importance for his own work. A comprehensive survey of the
former investigations should be avoided since it may be an obstacle for
the interested reader. Highlight the major items.
The major items:
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Make as soon as possible clear what is to be investigated
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Outline the extent of the report and limitations
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State the purpose of the report
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Explain the structure of the report
References
References can be written in many ways. Preferably
use the following guidelines:
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Refer with authors name and year
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If more than two authors, use et al.
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The list is arranged alphabetically
Examples on how to refer:
In the text the reference may be written in the following
way:
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Kanestrøm (1996)
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Løset and Timco (1992)
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Bergan et al. (1986)
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Løset et al. (1997)
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(Bergan et al., 1986; Løset and Timco, 1992; Kanestrøm,
1996)
In the reference this cited literature should appear with
the following format:
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Bergan, P.G., P.K. Larsen and E. Mollestad (1986): Svingninger
av konstruksjoner. Tapir, Trondheim, 262 p. (in Norwegian).
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Kanestrøm, Ø. (1996): Lasting av oljetanker
med STL i drivis. Prosjektoppgave våren 1996, NTNU, Institutt for
marin hydrodynamikk, 69 p. (in Norwegian).
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Løset, S. and G. Timco (1992): Laboratory Testing
of a Flexible Boom for Ice Management. Journal of Offshore Mechanics and
Arctic Engineering, Vol. 115, pp. 149-153.
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Løset, S., Ø. Kanestrøm, T. Pytte, K.U.
Evers, P. Jochmann and P.C. Sandvik (1997): Model Tests in Ice of a Submerged
Turret Loading (STL) Concept. Proceedings of the 16th International Conference
on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Yokohama, 13-18 April 1997,
Vol. IV, pp. 173-181.